The Impact of Industrial Pollution on the Environment

Environmental sustainability has become one of the most important considerations even as the world moves to develop and avail more goods and services for consumers for better living. The impact of industrial pollution has taken toll on the environment threatening not only the ecosystems existing in different parts of the world but also the very livelihoods of millions of people across the globe.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on The Impact of Industrial Pollution on the Environment specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The main cause of the rapid environmental degradation is attributed to the greed and short term goals sought by industrial players. Consequently, market failures have surfaced requiring the intervention of authorities in a bid to enhance a more long-term approach to development by adopting environmentally sustainable development. Interventions by authorities often tend to introduce impediments to fre e trade which is sighted as the most important in solving the developmental problems of the world. Consequently advocates for free trade are very vocal in opposing any interventions put in place to address environmental concerns as they hinder free trade. Free trade basically entails minimal interventions by governments especially in international trade. Environmental concerns cause hindrances in trade as authorities move in to trade in goods whose production processes are considered as causing pollution. 1. a) These advocates have different explanations as to why the most effective way of dealing with environmental concerns. The most important is the argument that a free market is known to produce efficient welfare-enhancing resource utilization. However this can only be possible if the determination of prices of goods services as well as resources take to full consideration of social costs. Since this is not often possible in free markets, advocates of free trade argue that when i ndustries realize that the resources they use are getting depleted then they will initiate self imposed regulations to contribute to the restoration of the environment. They argue that industries will at some point feel threatened enough to take voluntary measures towards reversing the effects of they have had on the environment over years of production. They argue that free trade gives firms with competitive advantage in one region to produce goods and services at a lower cost and sell them in markets at lower prices. Consequently any action which would compromise this competitive advantage would trigger changes in behavior of the firms towards more responsibility. On the same front, with the modern day awareness of environmental concerns, firms with environmentally degrading production processes will be shunned by customers. They expect that such action from consumers would initiate a behavioral change adequate for environmental sustainability. Clearly, the applicability of such a rguments is question. This is because in many cases, the resultant environmental degradation may not in any way affect the ability of the firms involved to produce. When a chemical processing plant releases toxic waste in rivers killing fish, the link to the inputs required for the factory to run is minimal. In addition, awareness on the environmental issues is high but a lot remains unknown among citizens for adequate boycott of the producer’s goods. b) Optimal performance of the markets requires that the production be done at the lowest possible costs. It requires that the production processes be efficient enough to ensure that goods and services are produced at the lowest cost. The implication here is that prices are minimized resulting in a large if not entire population being able to access the goods and services. As a result, the living standards among the citizens are improved. Therefore the production is at a high level while prices are low. c) In this optimal perform ance lies market failures in the case of goods whose production causes damage to the environment. The most predominant form of market failure encountered in environmental economics is the presence of negative externalities. Externalities are costs or benefits accruing to parties other than those conducting the production process. Environmental economics is faced predominantly with the challenge of handling the negative externalities originating from both production as well as consumption of goods and services (Basic Economics, 2010).Advertising Looking for assessment on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Correcting this market failure requires that the social cost of production be considered in the pricing mechanism. Social cost entails the extra cost borne by the environment around which production and which is not often included in the books of accounts. Any costs incurred by government or any other party other than the firm producing in restoring the environment well fits in this category. Consequently, for firms to produce pollutants in a controlled manner, the cost of its goods and services should be high enough to cater for the injury caused to the environment as well as ensure that the quantities produced are lowered a result of which is sustainability. The attainment of these higher costs is through compulsory inclusion of the social costs of production in determination of the price of the goods. A graphical representation shows that inclusion of the social costs of production shifts the supply curve upwards. The result is a reduction in the quantity of goods produced. This lower level of production is the optimum level of production as it takes to full consideration all the costs. Notably it is a much more sustainable level of production. Social cost element incurred by the firm is used in either reversing the effects caused by the already reduced production activities or com pensating the affected parties. This includes activities such as flood prevention, water harvesting and carbon sequestration (Stranlund, References and further reading may be available for this article. To view references and further reading you must purchase this article. and Kathy, 2010). Graph: Social cost Generally free trade leads to competitive pressures among producers which in turn push down the standards of the environment. There is less willingness for producers to be concerned about the environment as in most cases, this leads to increased costs as shown above. Having free trade would require a very high level of discipline among regulators across the trading partners in maintaining equal environmental standards. Since this is difficult to achieve, free trade would bring along what economists call â€Å"a regulator race to the bottom†. This means that regulators from the individual trading partners would reduce the standards set for environmental degradation in or der to become more competitive (Arguedas, 2010). 2) a The treatment of an environmental asset forms the basis of Environmental economics. An environmental asset is basically a resource facing degradation as a result of industrial activities. Choices to be made here are in mainly in regard to the utilization of the resource. A choice to uncontrollably utilize the resource means that the future availability of the resource is in jeopardy. However, a controlled use of the resource ensures both today’s as well as future generation benefits from the resource. It amounts to utilization of resources for posterity.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on The Impact of Industrial Pollution on the Environment specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More b) Resource allocation is definitely a delicate balancing act. When allocation is to be done at a point in time using the normative criterion, the decision is subjective. The allo cation has to be made in line with the estimates of pollutants to be produced and the ability of the environment to endure the degradation. Careful assessment of the environmental effect has to be conducted. When the allocation is done at different points in time, then there is more flexibility and there is a possibility for consideration of the past experience informing the future. 3. a) Environmental economists agree that it is not feasible to claim that the world should be totally free of pollution. In fact they well understand that attaining a level of zero pollution means no development. Industries have to produce goods and services using the resources available hence in the process causing depletion of the resources or resulting in some level of degradation of the environment. In the analysis and determination of the levels of pollution acceptable for sustainability, there are three important concepts requiring through understanding. They are efficient level of pollutants, opt imal level of pollutants and cost effective allocation of pollutants (Externalities, 2010). Efficient level of pollutants refers to the level of pollutants produced when the industry is operating at its most efficient level. The most efficient level however only includes the private costs hence excluding the social cost. At this efficient level, there is complete disregard of the environment factor. The optimal level of pollutants on the other hand is produced when the environment factor is introduced to the production equation. At his level of production, the social cost is included in the cost of production. Consequently, the efficient level of production is higher than the optimal level of production. Bearing in mind the fact that more production means more pollution, the efficient level of pollutants is thus naturally higher than the optimal level of pollutants. Environmental economists are of the opinion that the optimal level of pollutants is what will ensure sustainability of production and hence sustainable development. Cost effective allocation of pollutants can be attained at the point where the marginal cost of reducing pollution equates with the marginal benefit of the conducting the clean-up. Therefore, polluting industries should only pay for as much as is required to restore the environment to the status it was prior to the pollution. This in turn means that the effect on the environment is largely minimized but at the same time, the industries are not unfairly charged. It is true that authorities typically choose to allow either the efficient level of pollutants or the optimal level of pollutants. When they allow firms to produce as much as they wish, this amounts to allowing for the efficient level of pollutants. On the other hand when they impose tax or other restrictions towards production then there is a deliberate movement towards the optimal level of production. b) There exist different standards imposed on polluters to control the level of pollution. The simplest is the Uniform Emission Standard. This entails setting equal limits on emissions resulting from production of particular products. It is fairly simple and easy to understand as it involves authorities determining the allowable level of pollution from certain industries hence putting up a legal framework to guard against exceeding the said level. This is however in full consideration of the production requirements such that the proposed regulations do not stifle production. The standard has been employed in many parts of the world and even across nations. An example is the US Clean water Act. It determines the limits of water pollution regardless of location of industry. The main advantage of this standard is simplicity in application and enforcement. There is high certainty of the allowable levels of pollution across all parties concerned. The main disadvantage of this standard is that the implementation level demands perpetual policing to ensure complian ce. Authorities have to ensure that the firms adhere to the set standards at all times hence requiring resources to always be deployed for effectiveness. In addition, experts argue that not having a uniform limit across different firms may result in some form of bias. This is mainly because different firms will incur differing costs in complying with the standards. It would only be fair that firms faced with higher compliance costs face less demand while those with less marginal compliance costs have more restrictions. This is a more equitable way of allocation. However in most cases politics get in the way of such proposals as questions of favoritism emerge (Nava, Yosef and Shmuel, 2010).Advertising Looking for assessment on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The second policy approach is Emission charges. Emission charges entail taxes charged on specific pollutants and emissions. The charged is imposed on a per unit bases. An authority may decide to charge for each liter of specific effluent discharged in a natural water source or on carbon emissions produced by industries to the atmosphere. This standard is very specific and seen as a direct punishment for pollution. It is mainly imposed on the pollutants known to have the highest effect on the environment. Application requires monitoring but where costs of monitoring may be high, assessment of averages may be used based on presumptions. Where the polluter may be able to adequately prove that they did not surpass presumed levels, then they may be entitled to rebates. This helps reverse monitoring role to firms themselves. It is a very effective tool to pollution control. The final is the Transferable Emission Permits approach. This approach requires authorities to identify the desired amounts of pollution which in most cases is lower than that which firms are willing to produce. On determining this pollution level, the government then develops permits for issuance to firms. If the government desires 100 tons of pollutants, then it could develop ten permits, each allowing for ten tones. The ten permits may then be issued to ten firms. Firms are then free to buy permits from each other. If firm A realizes that it cannot meet the ten tones permitted, it can sell part of the permit to allow firm B to produce more. At the final analysis, the firms may have produced different levels of pollutants but the total cannot exceed the government’s target. The main advantage of this method is that it allows for flexibility among firms while at the same time achieving set targets. Work Cited References and further reading may be available for this article. To view references and further reading you must purchase this article. Arguedas, L. EconPapers: A Note on the Comple mentarily of Uniform Emission. 2009. Web. Basic Economics. Market Failures and Externalities. 2010. Web. Externalities, Tutor2u.2010. Web. J and Kathy D. Endogenous Monitoring and Enforcement of a Transferable Emissions Permit System. 2010. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management Volume 38, Issue 3, Nava Kahana, Yosef Mealem and Shmuel Nitzan. A complete implementation of the efficient allocation of pollution Economics Letters. November 2008. 2010. Stranlund. This assessment on The Impact of Industrial Pollution on the Environment was written and submitted by user Myah M. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Vietnam War Essays

The Vietnam War Essays The Vietnam War Essay The Vietnam War Essay The war in Vietnam was mostly a helicopter and air war there were many jets and helicopters that had been shot down in the enemy controlled areas in the than that a survivor of a one of these crashes were captured they would become a prisoner of war or POWs Violations of the Geneva Convention occurred in the Vietnam War (1959-1975). Ill treatment of prisoners was brought to light by the Red Cross throughout the war. In September 1969 the North Vietnamese Red Cross declared that U.S. pilots, guilty of crimes against humanity, would not be given the protections afforded by the Geneva Convention. South Vietnamese mistreatment of prisoners of war was alleged in 1970 in reports that so-called tiger cages were used to confine North Vietnamese prisoners. In the Vietnamese conflict, a major concern in negotiations between the United States and North Vietnam was the release of hundreds of American prisoners of war and the repatriation of both North and South Vietnamese prisoners. By 19 71 the prospects of U.S. withdrawal from Vietnam depended largely on a solution of the prisoner-of-war problem, which had been employed as a bargaining point by North Vietnam. On February 12, 1973, after the signing of the cease-fire in January, thefirst contingent of 143 American military and civilian prisoners of war arrived in the Philippines. During the following weeks, 444 prisoners were released. Two decades later, more than 2000 U.S. soldiers remained unaccounted for and are listed as missing in action.

SLEEP DEFICIENCY Example

SLEEP DEFICIENCY Example SLEEP DEFICIENCY – Term Paper Example Sleep Deficiency Sleep deficiency occurs when a person is unable to get the amount of sleep that is required if that person is to function normally throughout the day. It is a medical problem that can further lead to other sleeping issues, such as insomnia or sleep apnea. Some of the causes of sleep deficiency are stress, aging, medication, weight, behavior, and the sleep environment of the individual. Many of these reasons develop into patterns that can cause severe sleep deprivation. Stress, especially now, is one of the leading causes of sleep deficiency. The more a person is stressed, the harder it is for them to fall asleep. The more this happens, the stronger a pattern is formed until they are depriving themselves of many hours that should be spent sleeping. An overactive mind makes it difficult for the rest of the body to settle down when it is time to sleep. As a person gets older, they begin to lose the need to sleep longer at night, even though it is still required to main tain good health. Old age in itself, with the random pains of arthritis and other pains connected with aging, is enough to keep a person up at night. Restless begins to take over and sleep becomes harder to come by. Medication is another cause of sleep deficiency, as many medications may induce restlessness or anxiety, which would not allow a person to fall asleep. Since most medications of this kind are prescriptions, the lack of sleep becomes a pattern; unfortunately, it tends to be difficult to break from a sleep-deprived pattern when it is a prescription medication that is causing it. The more overweight a person is, the harder it is for them to get to sleep. Obesity is another higher cause for sleep deprivation; the individual, while maybe feeling sluggish, may also feel restless and just simply unable to get to sleep. Depending on the kinds of foods that they eat, such as anything that is high in sugar or caffeinated beverages, may also increase their inability to fall asleep. Behavior, while not a leading cause of sleep deficiency, but one of the most common symptoms, disables a person from settling down enough or getting comfortable to fall asleep. Some people cannot sleep simply because they cannot, whether it is from restlessness or insomnia. The sleep environment of a person is the most important thing to consider when going to bed. Noises, lights, and other distractions makes it difficult for a persons mind to shut down for them to fall asleep. If there is too much going on within the sleep environment, a person is unable to relax their mind enough to sleep, causing restlessness and insomnia, which can lead to sleep deprivation. Paprocki, Sherry Beck. Sleep Disorders. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 2008.

5 Secrets to Getting Never-Ending Job Offers! - Guest Post by David Mensah

5 Secrets to Getting Never-Ending Job Offers! - Guest Post by David Mensah Last week I wrote about the importance of follow-up and feedback for success in your business or job search. The article, Do These * 2 * Things and Get Amazing Results in Your Business OR Job Search, really was about how to have fruitful conversations and build valuable connections. This week, my good friend and long-time business writing client, David Mensah, shares his wisdom on a very related topic: how to create a stream of job and work offers through  the art of talking to people. Guest post by David Mensah Imagine this experience: You’re in the middle of a conversation with a friend, colleague or new acquaintance, when that person suddenly interrupts the flow of the conversation to offer you some form of employment! For most of my life, I have had that experience on a regular basis, and I have ultimately built a career as a leadership trainer and executive coach as a result. So when I started to expand my consulting practice to include career coaching, I wanted to see whether I could train people to do what I have done successfully in my own professional life: generate employment opportunities consistently, both in official interviews and everyday conversations, whether or not they are looking for a job. Here are my top 5 recommendations for creating â€Å"the never-ending job offer†: BE EXCITED: Choose a career that sparks your passion, and let that passion show! Your excitement is contagious. I can always tell when others are passionate about their careers. Genuine excitement is interesting and contagious, while feigned excitement is forced and boring. Discover your true calling, even if it doesnt make sense or scares you (are you an accountant who always wanted to be a dancer?) Your career is as personal as it gets and it’s worth finding out- and sharing- what lights you up. BE INTERESTED IN OTHERS: When people are authentically curious about me, I feel lucky and safe and I want to know more about that person in return. That’s the type of interest you want to create in others. When talking about your life, make sure to make time to explore the lives of those around you. You might ask questions about people’s background, work successes and challenges, or families. Explore their values and what’s important to them. Train yourself to find something interesting about everyone, including friends, networking contacts, and yes, even interviewers! In every conversation I make it my practice to find 10 things I like about the other person in the first 5 minutes. It makes me listen differently. Keep asking questions until you find an area where the other person is energized, and focus there. You might be surprised at the benefits that come back to you. IN AN INTERVIEW, ASK QUESTIONS: Come prepared to every job or informational interview with questions you want to ask. And don’t stop there. Frankly, if you are not interested enough in the middle of an interview to have a few spontaneous questions, you are probably not interested in the job or the company. Questions emerge from a natural desire to know more- to delve deeply into things that matter to you. When you ask people questions, they learn a lot about how you think and feel about them, their company, and, if applicable, the available position. Your questions reveal something about you at the same time as you learn about someone or something else. BE CONNECTED: People hire people they feel good about and this feeling arises from a sense of connection. To create affinity with people where it might not exist automatically, consider telling stories about yourself emphasizing your humanity. I have been known to talk about my most recent business failure or how my ego gets in the way of my dreams. Stories about our failures and flaws allow others to connect deeply with us and push people quickly past the surface differences that keep us separate. While connecting with others comes easily to some, it can be challenging to some people. Do your personal growth work so that you can easily connect to the new people in your life without internal stories about you or them getting in the way. SPEAK ABOUT YOURSELF USING THEIR LANGUAGE: As any conversation progresses, I learn more and more about the person I am speaking with. Once you know enough about someone, it is much easier to tell them about yourself, because now you can reference the parts of their life that help them understand yours. When I am talking with someone who values their family over everything, it is natural for me to use my love and appreciation for my puppy to describe how relationships motivate my professional successes and failures. When I talk to people who care primarily about making a difference for others, I describe my interest in coaching as a way to teach skills that they can pass on to everyone they touch. The more you truly listen to someone, the more you can use the language they use and speak to their values. You will make deep connections with people who feel seen and understood by you, and who will want to find ways to spend more time in your presence- perhaps by offering you a job. When my clients embrace these practices, not just in interviews but in every interaction with others, they start generating job opportunities. Getting excited about your own career and cultivating an authentic interest in others results in others’ sitting up and taking notice. Your never-ending job opportunity will happen one conversation at a time. David Mensah is a leadership trainer and executive coach living and working in New York City. Please connect with him on twitter @DKBWAVE or learn more about his work at www.DKBWAVE.com.

To prepare a business plan based on opening a pub in Canterbury Essay

To prepare a business plan based on opening a pub in Canterbury - Essay Example Looking into the characteristics and thought processes of the people still holds as the most significant factor to be looked into by the individuals in the field of sales and marketing. The large scope of market can pose a hindrance to a successful marketing strategy in terms of over generalized definition of the target or niche market. The Bigskymind is a full service pub/bar located at the heart of Eastern Kent, Canterbury. The pub/bar has a full menu of middle and reasonable price "comfort" food, drinks and spirits but based upon time honoured recipes and mixes from around the world. The pub also features performances from local bands from Canterbury. This business plan is created in order to provide comprehensive information to the future investors from prestigious financial institutions that would want to invest in the business. This plan will present the company's vision and strategic plans in order to achieve profitability in the chosen location. The Bigskymind will offer easily reached and reasonably priced high quality food, drinks and spirits, and entertainment to the thousands of residents and customers in Canterbury. In time, The Bigkymind will institute itself as a "target" of choice to the many clients of the greater city area of Canterbury, as well as numerous tourists. The pub will offer a "total, high-quality" evening experience for those looking for fun and relaxation after a hard day work. Not only will customers be able to drink on the pub's high spirits and comforting drinks, they will enjoy the performance of the bands every night. The pub's mission is simple; it will offer a complete stylish, fab and relaxing drinks to the regular customers. The price of the products will be very affordable that will motivate the customers to return on many occasions. The main market of the pub will be young professionals who have worked for very long hours. The Key to Success Factors Product quality The foods are o high quality based on the recipes around the world such as appetizers, side dishes and main dishes. The drinks are beers from 100 cities globally (there will be a 100 beers from 100 cities bar), wines, and spirits drinks mixes. The house specialty drink will be bigskymindmix that will have five alcohol based drinks like vodka, tequila gold, brandy, lambanog (a drink from the Philippines) and lime. Service Quality Since the pub business is under the service industry and also can be considered to be in the tourism industry, service quality should be provided by the management and employees. The satisfaction of the customer will be the top priority of the company. The importance of quality in customer service should be recognized by Bigskymind. The company will prioritize quality in customer services, resulting to positive business outcome. Customer satisfaction, loyalty, employee satisfaction and profit growth are

Entrepreneurship joint venture Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Entrepreneurship joint venture - Assignment Example Contents Abstract 1 Contents 2 Introduction 3 Importance of venture and Working capital 4 Forms of business finance 4 Advantages and disadvantages of Venture Capital as source of finance 5 Salient issues around venture capitalists 6 Conclusion and recommendations 7 References 7 Introduction Venture capital is a form of financing that is widely used by small, medium, and large enterprises in economy. Venture capital is also referred to as equity financing owing to the fact that it addresses the financing needs of a firm in exchange of stake in the firm in question. This form of equity financing is often pursued by firms, which do not have the capacity to seek financing from other traditional financing modes like those sourced through the banks and public markets. It is worth noting that there are other forms of financing options, which the business can decide to explore to cater for its growth strategy and other operations (Mclaney & Atrill, 2006). Such options include loans from bank s, debentures, owner’s capital, and grant finance. Importance of venture and Working capital Venture and working capital are critical for any form of business that is starting up. The business under focus in this case is a beverage company known as Thasta (Mclaney & Atrill, 2006). The company by its nature needs both venture and working capital to realize increased business performance. ... sound working capital, it is important that the business possess an aggressive credit policy besides ensuring that there is operational efficiency at the facility (Mclaney & Atrill, 2006). On the other hand, it is important to take note that venture capital is equally important for the startup of the business because it does not affect the liquidity of a business. A business that is just starting operations rarely has revenue hence may not be able to afford loans or debenture leaving venture capital option as the best option for the company since it does not involve any financial obligations. It is worth noting that with regard to venture capital the various operations and projects of the company are financed in exchange for the shares of the company. Forms of business finance Apart from the venture capital, there exist other forms of capital, which include loans, debentures, owner’s capital, and grants. Loans are funds, which are advanced to the business by financial institut ions such as Banks. According to Mclaney and Atrill (2006), it is worth noting that loans attract interest over and above the principal amount. The business must therefore ensure that it regularly repays the principal amount and accruing interest. A debenture is yet another form of business financing option, which is available to the business. According to Mclaney and Atrill (2006), debentures are loan stocks, which are given subject to a trust deed. The debentures can be either redeemable or irredeemable. The firms can also raise capital for the expansion projects of the firm through equity shares. The only downside to equity shares is that it reduces the shareholding capacity of the company. Mclaney and Atrill (2006) say that grant is another form of financing option, which the firm can

Respons letter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Respons letter - Essay Example As such, I credit the way Mike Keefe presented the challenge of Obesity among Americans. Indeed, as Keefe observes, large percentage of Obesity cases in America are related to lifestyle. The â€Å"Higgs Boson† cartoon context indicates that the American Obesity is entirely attributable to the people’s poor feeding habit. I beg to differ with this assumption because the subject of obesity is of controversial implication hence generalized declarations do not respond to its concerns effectively. James & John (34), observes that obesity is caused by numerous factors and indeed, most of the factors that we undermine have a considerable influence. Surprisingly, Keffe disregards the idea of linking Obesity with genetic disorders. This is an irrational observation since James & John (157) identifies that a considerable number of American Obesity cases are genetic based. As such, we need to examine the issue of obesity critically and shun drawing generalized conclusions. The audience of this letter will be all individuals who accesses The Denver Post magazine. This is a diverse audience; therefore, I have used harmonized language to articulate my position. I expect my audience to understand the essence of according reasonable attention to the subject of obesity. However, I also expect that some readers may disagree with my position disregarding it as

Production system optimization Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Production system optimization - Coursework Example The new Efficiency will be: Alternatively, we use the results of analysis which indicate that the more the number of LV Doors, the more the number of workstations required for production (Burke, 2005). It therefore means that the number of work stations needed in the assembly lines has to be reduced (Rutherford, 2002). The required minimum number of the workstations can be calculated as: This requires that we reduce the cycle times for every LD Door to obtain the smallest number of workstations required. In the original situation where there are 4 assembly doors, the number of workstations required is 15.10 which are rounded off to 16. However, the reduction of cycle times gives the calculation of the number of work stations as follows: As we maintain the minimum number of workstations at 14, we have balanced the line to its optimal efficiency (Chapman & King, 2008). This efficiency must be maximized since it corresponds to the percentage utilization of the workstations available. In the current situation, the production system produces about 3 sets of MC every day, when the operation runs continuously for 12 hours in a day (Brookhart, 2006). It means that the efficiency has to be increased until the production shifts from 3 to 5. This requires that we measure the percentage by which the production will have increased. This is calculated as

Planet Star 61 Virginis and The Origin of Life Assignment

Planet Star 61 Virginis and The Origin of Life - Assignment Example In fact, more studies are pursued nowadays by scientists aiming toâ€Å" create fully self-replicating artificial organisms in the laboratory† ( p.54). Indeed studying about how life evolved is exciting; however, a question remains: Is there life on another planet? The planet I am referring to is Star 61 Virginis, one of the extra solar planets added to the solar system a few years ago ( Laughlin, 2009). Having made further research about the planet revealed very interesting facts, namely: 1. It is visible to the naked eye on a clear summer sky – appears as yellow orange star; 2. It is too far from our solar system – 27.8 light years away; 3. It lies on a planetary system made up of ice like bodies yet it is very hot; The planet had only been discovered lately which presents a lot of speculations from people, especially college students. Although science facts are valid, this does not mean that they are unchanging. Take the case of Pluto which was taught as a pla net but later discredited much to the surprise of many people. The planet Star 61 Virginis has different characteristics including high temperatures that could not sustain life forms (de Mello et al., 308). However, this argument goes challenged because the origin of life tells us that in even extreme conditions, life was created. This topic got me so interested that I prepared a questionnaire to survey the opinion of some college students about possible life in star 61 virginis. First, I created a poster that invited students to participate in the survey. To attract participants, I gave an incentive – free movie tickets so the students would seriously answer my survey. There is also a special prize for a student who can answer the question: What kind of life forms can exist in this planet? The survey contained only ten questions because too many questions can be tiring for some students. Here are the questions that I created: 1. Do you think aliens exist? 2. Would you like t o communicate with aliens? 3. What part of their existence would you want to know? 4. Do aliens scare you ? Why? 5. Do you think aliens could live in a very hot environment? 6. If aliens are allowed to co-exist with us, are you in favor of that idea? 7. Do you suspect someone as an alien? 8. Do you think aliens existed in our planet a long time ago? 9. Can alien life be created? 10. How are aliens created? There were fifty respondents to the survey which is amazing because I never thought students would take aliens seriously. There were funny answers stating that their parents or teachers are real aliens. However, the most important result of the study showed that eighty-percent of respondents believed that aliens existed a long time ago. They think that the origin of life theory is not only applicable to terrestrial matters but to aliens as well. Around ninety-percent of the students also supported the idea that aliens can exist in very hot environment. In fact, there were so many speculations presented by the answers like: 1. Aliens can live in hot environments because they are not humans, their bodies can be made up of special matter; 2. Aliens were formed similar to the concept of primordial soup , as their planets evolved, they began to form; 3. Aliens can adapt to their environment thus they exist; I really find these answers interesting so maybe I can have group discussions about these topics and have the other students

Discuss the Different Components of Michael Porters Essay Example for Free

Discuss the Different Components of Michael Porters Essay National prosperity is created not inherited. It does not grow out of a country’s natural endowments, its labor pool, its inters rates or its currency’s value. A nations competitiveness depends on the capacity of its industry to innovate and upgrade. They benefit from having strong domestic rivals, aggressive home based suppliers and demanding local customers. Innovation is what drives and sustains competitiveness. A firm must avail itself to all dimension of competition, which he categorized into four major components of the â€Å"diamond of national advantage† 1. Factor Conditions: The appropriateness of the nations factors of production to compete successfully in a specific industry. Porters notes that although these factor conditions are very important in the determination of trade, they are not the only source of competitiveness as suggested by the classical, or factor portions, theories trade. Most importantly for Porter, it is the ability of a nation to continually create, upgrade, and deploy its factors ( such as skilled labors) that is important, not the initial endowment. 2. Demand conditions: The degree of health and competition the firm must face in its original home market. Firms that can survive and flourish in highly competitive and demanding local markets are much more likely to gain the competitive edge. Porter notes that if the character of the market, not its size, that is paramount in promoting the continual competitiveness of the firm. And Porter translates Characters as demanding costumers. 3. Related and supporting industries: The competitiveness of all related industries and suppliers to the firm. A firm that is operating within a mass of related firms and industries gains and maintains advantages through close working relationship, proximity to suppliers, and timeliness of product and information flows. The constant and close interaction is successful if it occurs not only in terms of physical proximity but also through the willingness of firms to work at it. 4. Firms strategy, structure and rivalry: The conditions of the home- nation that either hinder or aid in the firms creation and sustaining of international strategy is universally appropriate. It depends on the fit and flexibility of what works for that country at that time. These four points constiture what nations and firms must strive to â€Å"create and sustain through a highly localized process† to ensure their success.

Pest Analysis Hong Kong Ocean Park Tourism Essay

Pest Analysis Hong Kong Ocean Park Tourism Essay Ocean Park is considered as a major attraction in Hong Kong, the luminous pearl of the Orient and known as the financial center of Southeast China. It is located on the south end of Hong Kong Island. The larger two sections are located on the headlands of Mount Nanlang, while the smaller section is located in the Huang Zhu Keng Valley lowlands. It is considered as one of the largest ocean in the world, having an area of 170 miles (2008). Organizations change and organizations compete for the same resource, competencies as well as customers. It is the cruel reality that must not be neglected by any management, thus the strategy as well as strategic management must not be neglected as a vital integral part of what managers do ( 2002,). This paper will focus on the strategic management process of the Ocean Park of Hong Kong towards their foreigner or tourists customers, particularly those mainland Chinese. It will first tackle the details about the Ocean Park. Second, it will analyze the external environment such as the economic and culture aspect that can affect the relationship of the organization to their possible foreign customers or tourists. Furthermore, it will focus on the internal environment of the organization such as its core competency, together with its strengths and weaknesses. Ocean Park Hong Kong Ocean Park Hong Kong is considered as one of the most important amusement park in Hong Kong, and even in the world. Opened in January 1977 as the countrys unique local park with the heritage of delivering family, fun and fond memories, it was chosen by the citizens of the country as their number 1 favorite scenic spot in the country in 2005 ( 2007). It was also ranked by on June 1, 2006 as the 7th among the top ten most popular amusement parks in the world (China Travel Golden Route 2007). Ocean Park combines the elements of entertainment, education and conservation in their services. It is consists of six main areas which are: Lowland Gardens, Kids World, Marine Land, Headland Rides, Adventure Land and Bird Paradise ( 2007). Furthermore, provides all of its guests with memorable education, while inspiring life long learning and conservation involvement. It also focuses on maintaining a healthy financial status, while offering the guests a diverse range of activities at competitive prices. It exists for the benefits of the public and strives in order to deliver the highest standard of safety, animal care, products as well as guest service (Ocean Park Hong Kong 2008). The Ocean Park of Hong Kong is part of the growing global industry of amusement park in the world, as well as part of the tourism industry. The organization is focuses in global market, and taking advantage of the improving tourism industry of the country, targeting their tourists, regardless of their age. The main goal of Hong Kong Ocean Park is to be the world leader in providing excellent guest experiences in a theme park environment that connects people with the nature (Ocean Park Hong Kong 2008). The park is currently undergoing a massive expansion to be finished in 2010. However, there will no rides to be closed during the said period (2008). External Environments of Ocean Park PEST Analysis Figure 1 PEST Analysis Hong Kong Ocean Park Political Analysis Political factors have a direct impact on the relationship of Ocean Park Hong Kong, to their foreign customers or visitors. One of the most important factors that are associated with amusement park industry of the country is the easiness of the restrictions and promotion of the free travel of China in 2003 that helped to inject a new life to the tourism industry of Hong Kong (2004). The said improving relationship between China and Hong Kong, can impact the relationship of Ocean Park to their foreign customers, particularly the Chinese tourists, largest portion of the countrys visitors ( 2007). The growing economic clout, as well as the success of the Individual Visit Scheme results to the increase focus of the entire industry towards China and most of the players will focus on catering to the greater range of budget types but throughout the entire tourism industry ( 2008). Economic Analysis Locally and globally, different businesses are being affected by the different economic factors. In terms of the country, the development and growth of the entire tourism industry influence the performance of the entire amusement park industry. The number of Chinese visitors of the country increased from 13.1% in 1998 to 27.1% in 1999 in 2007, of all visitors ( 1999). There are total of 12.9 million tourists that came to the country, and more than 50% of it arrived from mainland China ( 2006). Find statistic before 2005 !!!! cant use new one Ocean Park Hong Kong showed an increase in tourists coming from mainland China in the last few years. The mainlanders make up the 45% of all the visitors of Ocean Park, having a high attendance of 2.2 million, showing an increase of 70% from 2003 ( 2008). find statistics about mainlanders!!! Social Analysis The entire tourism industry, particularly the industry of amusement park of the country is being affected by major events and influences. This can be observed during the peak season such as Chinese New Year and School holidays that enables each and every player of the industry to gain more than 50% of total attendance ( 2008). statistics about attendance in this peak-times before 2005!!! It is also important to consider different media views. This is due to the fact that it can affect or influence of the foreign customers regarding visiting the place. Furthermore the advertisement and publicity is important, that is the reason why it is important for different amusement parks to take part in different events what kind of major events were of the country in order to showcase the culture and history of Hong Kong to their visitors. Technological Analysis The Internet has increasingly become a popular medium for marketing and customer relationship . This is due to the fact that the Internet can offer a great connection with huge and immeasurable possible market. This is important because the industry, primarily Ocean Park Hong Kong is focusing on its relationship to its global market. Furthermore, it is also important to consider the improvement and development of the amusement machinery industry. Industry Analysis Five Forces Analysis Figure 2 Five Forces Analysis of Ocean Park (Hong Kong Amusement Park) Threat of New Entry The threat of new entrants refers the possibility that the profits of established firms in the respective industry may be eroded by new competitors. In terms of the amusement park industry, the entry barrier is high due to the need to invest large amount of financial resources ( 2004). Typically it ranges from $50 million to $3 billion, depending on the real state market. In addition to that amusement park required over 50 acres of land for a full scale development; other can utilize 10,000 to 30,000 acres ( 2006). The said factor is important because Hong Kong has a high land price real state market This is also connected to the fact that the location of the amusement park is a very important factor. Threat of Rivalry Rivalry among the existing competitors takes the form of process of jockeying for the position. Firms usually implement different tactics like price competition, advertising battles, product introductions as well as increased customer services ( 2004 ). It is important to consider the lack of differentiation, that is why the customers choice based greatly over the price and service, thus causes pressure for the intense price and service competition ( 2004). This can be observe in the amusement park industry of the country, due to high threat of rivalry, different players are implementing different plans and activities such as renovation and introduction of new attractions in order to catch the attention of the customers. Threat of Substitution All firms within a given industry compete with an industry that produces the substitute products and services. Substitutes limit the potential returns of an industry by the process of placing a ceiling on the prices of the firms in the given industry can profitably charge ( 2004). In the industry, the threat of substitution is relatively low because the main substitute for the product is other aspects of leisure and tourism industry such as sport and casino industry. On the other hand, because of the popularity of the amusement park industry as well as the growing number of Chinese tourists, the industry is not that affected. Threat of Suppliers Suppliers can exert a bargaining power over participants in an industry by threatening to raise prices or even reduce the quality of purchased goods and services ( 2004,). In the case of the industry, the suppliers doesnt have that much power because of the improving and growing industry of the amusement equipment industry, that enables the technology exchange between the different local and international players particularly in China ( 2007). In addition to that, the airline industry, which is considered as the primary supplier of visitors for the company is also facing impact of competition as well as the growing demand for cheap travel packages. Buyer Power The buyer or the visitors and tourists have a medium or mediocre influence over the industry because the product and service of the industry is important for the customers. This is due to the fact that amusement is considered as part of necessity of every family in Hong Kong, as well as the mainland China market. Furthermore, the said industry cannot be replaced by other substitute. Competitor Analysis Disneyland Disneyland opened in September 2005 and had helped to reposition the country as a premier destination for families. On its opening day, it had set a record of 16,000 visitors, and 1/3 of it are from the mainland China. It had maintained its 13,000 to 14,000 average visitors (cited in 2006). The main advantage of the company is that it holds the name of the Disney which is well known in the world in terms of entertainment. Furthermore, it targets the children, thus the whole family because of the different rides and attractions that focuses on different well-known Disney characters. This can help the company to attract more visitors or tourists from different part of the globe, particularly those who are from the US and Europe. On the other hand, the main disadvantage is that most of the mainland Chinese doesnt have those strong attachments with Mickey and friends and other Disney characters ( 2006). The said aspects are important for the company because most of the visitors of the co untry come from mainland China. !!!!!!!!!!!! Wetland Park Wetland Park is a conservation, education and tourism facility that is located at the northern part of in Yuen Long. It is compromises of 10,000 square meter large visitor centre, Wetland Interactive World and a 60-hectare Wetland Reserve. The main advantage of Wetland Park is that it offers a different type of service compare to Disneyland and Ocean Park. The main mission of the organization is to foster public awareness and understanding regarding the values of wetlands throughout the East Asian Region. The visitors will be given a chance to experience the wildlife with different animals that will help them to be close with nature and observe different animals in the natural environment (cited in 200). On the other hand, the organization will not be able to meet experienced the demand of those visitors or tourists that are looking for excitements and extreme pleasure that can be in different rides and parts in Disneyland and Ocean Park. Internal Environments of Ocean Park SWOT Analysis Figure 3 SWOT Analysis Hong Kong Ocean Park Strength The main strengths of Hong Kong Ocean Park focuses on their offering of hybrid of thrills, animals, fun and education to their foreign visitors, more specifically those mainland Chinese visitors (2007). The main advantage or strength of the company is that it enables to meet the cultural aspects of different people from different part of the globe, particularly the mainland Chinese visitors that are not that familiar with different Disney characters. This can be seen in the different services and features of the company that incorporated education with thrill. Above all, the main advantage of Hong Kong is that it is considered as the oldest amusement park in the country; therefore, it can be considered as experienced and knows the demands and behavior of the mainland Chinese visitors. Furthermore, it had become successful because of its connection to the local government that helped them to have a subway line for the visitors ( 2007). This enables the organization to give the foreign visitors, particularly those from mainland, who are price sensitive, to save their money for other luxury, thus helping them to save time in traveling. Weaknesses On the other hand, the main disadvantage of Hong Kong Ocean Park is their structure of geographic location. This is due to the fact that they have the limitation regarding the land development because the location is hilly. Furthermore, the organization is facing lack of strong financial support and backup, that is why the organization is responsible for their own income and operation cost. Furthermore, because of the fact that Ocean Park is considered as oldest amusement park in Hong Kong, there are different facilities that are old and un-attractive, although the organization is already starting their innovation process, it would take some time and it will be completed after 6 years. Opportunities The main opportunity of the company focuses on the Individual Traveling scheme of China, as well as the improving relationship of the country to the mainland China, that had helped to improve the number of the visitors in the country. In addition, the strong economy in Mainland as well as the improving middle class with the purchasing power helped to increase the demand for the outbound travel. Furthermore, the organization also has a strong marketing support from the local government that recommends the Ocean Park to the foreign visitors. It is also important to consider the development of new transportation South Island Line that would cause convenience and fast access direct to the Park for the foreign and local visitors. The Internet is also another factor; this is due to the fact that it can help the organization to connect to a vast range of possible customers or visitors. Above all, the development and improvement of the amusement machinery industry can also impact the services and features of the organization, thus their relationship to their foreign visitors. Threat One of the threats that must be considered by the company is the renovation plan of the Disneyland Hong Kong that can help the said organization to regain their past position in the market. Particularly, it will also cause popularity of the organization from other foreigners, particularly those from America and Europe. On the other hand, it is also important to focus on the global financial crisis that is going on, that can affect the visiting behavior and buying behavior of the tourists. Competitive Advantage Figure 4 Competitive Advantage Model of Hong Kong Ocean Park Core Competency (à Ã‚ ¾Ãƒâ€˜Ã‚ Ãƒ Ã‚ ½Ãƒ Ã‚ ¾Ãƒ Ã‚ ²Ãƒ Ã‚ ½Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ Ã‚ µ à Ã‚ ¾Ãƒ Ã‚ ±Ãƒ Ã‚ »Ã‚ °Ãƒâ€˜Ã‚ Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒ Ã‚ ¸ Ñ Ãƒ Ã‚ ¿Ãƒ Ã‚ µÃƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒ Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ °Ãƒ Ã‚ »Ãƒ Ã‚ ¸Ãƒ Ã‚ ·Ã‚ °Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒ Ã‚ ¸Ãƒ Ã‚ ¸) better definition on p.97 The core competency of the organization is the length of its operation and service both to the locals and foreign visitors of the country that give the organization the knowledge regarding the likes, dislikes as well as the flow and trends in the behavior of the customers. Furthermore, cultural aspect is also an important factor, primarily to their growing mainland Chinese visitors. Furthermore, it also helps the organization to capture the attention of other visitors from different part of the globe, primarily those from the US and Europe, that are looking for new and local experience about the country. Competitive Advantage When a given firms maintain its profit that exceed the average for its industry, the firm is said to have a competitive advantage against its rival. This can be seen in the current position of Hong Kong Ocean Park, over its direct competitor, which is the Hong Kong Disneyland. Hong Kong Ocean Park is using the cost advantage, where in it offers cheaper ticket that costs HK$208 for adult and HK$103 for children, compare to HK$295 for adult and HK$210 per child of Hong Kong Disneyland. In addition to that, Hong Kong Ocean Park acquired a good location compare to Disneyland, because it is nearer o the main urban districts. In addition to that, Hong Kong Ocean Park also offers a differentiation advantage because it is considered as bigger than the Hong Kong Disneyland, thus enabling the first organization to offer more and new features and shows than the second organization. It also offer different features and services compare to its competitors primarily the Disneyland, because it focuses on showing the reality regarding the nature, while Disneyland focuses on fantasy. Tangible Resources p.95 The reputation of the organization is its most important tangible resource. Ultimately, reputations have economic value to the company because it will be difficult to imitate. Rivals cannot simply replicate the unique features and intricate process that produced those reputations ( 1996). The fact that the company features educational aspects regarding the environment, gives it a reputation that is close to nature. This is important because of the growing awareness of the world regarding the different natural and environmental problem, primarily global warming. Value Creation The core competency of the organization gives it both advantage and disadvantage. Advantage, because it helped them to know more about the behavior and culture of their different local and foreign visitors. Furthermore, it also enables the company to create an image that is considered as one of the most important aspect in gaining and maintaining competitive advantage. On the other hand, it gives the organization the disadvantage because some part of the facilities and features of the organization are considered as old, and in great need for renovation, however, due to financial aspect as well as effort that must be exerted, it will take some time in order to come up with the ever changing demand of the foreign visitors for entertainment and leisure. On the other hand, the competitive advantage of the company which focuses on the cost advantage and differentiation advantage is the result of the continuous effort of the organization in their relationship with the customers as well as their continuous effort in process of research and development. Conclusion As of now, Hong Kong Ocean Park is experiencing a comfortable position in the entire amusement industry, as well as the entire tourism industry of the country. It is important to consider that the said organization is considered as number 1 or most loved amusement park by local and foreign visitors, despite of the fact that it has the Disneyland, a very prominent and successful player in the global industry of amusement park. Primarily, the main reason behind the success of the organization is because of the support from the government of Hong Kong and mainland China that can be seen in the different public facilities that are being implemented for easy access of the said place, as well as the implementation of the Individual Tourist of China. The company had been able to use the issue of culture in order to attract more locals as well as foreign visitors, as well as its usage of the current spread of the environmental awareness, which enables the organization to incorporate educatio n and thrill in their features and services. That is the reason why it is frequently visited by families from different part of the globe. Furthermore, the organization had been able to create two important competitive advantage which focuses on the cost and differentiation. It had been able to offer cheap but fun-packed experience. But it is also important for the company to continue its innovation and strategic management in order to make sure that it will continue its competitive edge against its competitor. This is due to the fact that Disneyland is currently into renovation process, in order to regain their competitive position in the market.

Burmese Days Essay -- essays research papers

It seems there isnt much on the net about Burmese Days that one can look over when getting ready to write an essay. I have provided one I wrote that is about 2 1/2 pages long and outlines some basic themes as well as analyzes the main character. Tell me what you guys think: Burmese Days by George Orwell is not a book that commonly comes to mind when one thinks 'Orwell' but nevertheless it holds a distinguished place in his career as a writer. The novel revolves around the lives of a handful of high-class English gentlemen living in Burma during the time of the British colonial period. The story focuses on one man in particular; John Flory, who gradually succumbs to his life of loneliness and boredom. Though a 'pukka sahib' or Englishman residing in India, John still manages to steer away from racism and keeps a few Burman friends. Here a conflict arises. Each night the English men meet at the prestigious 'European Club' to drink and make small talk about the locals. Only Europeans are permitted to gain membership to the club until a certain occasion rises that calls for each 'whites-only Club' in India to elect a non European member. All the members are outraged and protest, except for John who supports the election, but does not possess the courage to admit to his beliefs. Behind the chaos and indignation, the European Club is faced with another disaccord, Elizabeth; a newly arrived English girl who has made her way ... Burmese Days Essay -- essays research papers It seems there isnt much on the net about Burmese Days that one can look over when getting ready to write an essay. I have provided one I wrote that is about 2 1/2 pages long and outlines some basic themes as well as analyzes the main character. Tell me what you guys think: Burmese Days by George Orwell is not a book that commonly comes to mind when one thinks 'Orwell' but nevertheless it holds a distinguished place in his career as a writer. The novel revolves around the lives of a handful of high-class English gentlemen living in Burma during the time of the British colonial period. The story focuses on one man in particular; John Flory, who gradually succumbs to his life of loneliness and boredom. Though a 'pukka sahib' or Englishman residing in India, John still manages to steer away from racism and keeps a few Burman friends. Here a conflict arises. Each night the English men meet at the prestigious 'European Club' to drink and make small talk about the locals. Only Europeans are permitted to gain membership to the club until a certain occasion rises that calls for each 'whites-only Club' in India to elect a non European member. All the members are outraged and protest, except for John who supports the election, but does not possess the courage to admit to his beliefs. Behind the chaos and indignation, the European Club is faced with another disaccord, Elizabeth; a newly arrived English girl who has made her way ...

How Tv Impacts Teens :: essays research papers

Bud...Weis... Er!† This is a phrase that teenagers hear everyday. Where do they hear this? They hear it on TV. It is a phrase used in a commercial for beer. This phrase is used to attract people’s attention including teenagers. This is one of many problems with TV these days. TV teaches teens the wrong material. Some of the other problems with TV include violence and dialogue. When it comes to commercials on TV, people think of the cola wars between Pepsi and Coca-Cola, or maybe they think of the famous Energizer bunny. However, there are also commercials for beer and cigarettes. These are items that could be fatal in some cases. Yet, these items are advertised on TV for teenagers to see. Commercials for beer or cigarettes aren’t to pursue just adults, but to pursue adolescents as well. The tobacco companies and alcohol companies know that teens are the age group who are most vulnerable, therefore these large industries target their ads towards teens. For example, there is a commercial for Molson Ice –a brand of beer– that use teens in their ad. The ad’s scenario is a high school party where teens are having fun while drinking beer. So what are teenagers going to think? They will think that if they drink beer they will have as much as the teens in the commercial. As a result of adolescents drinking there will be violence. Where do teens learn the concept of violence? Where else but TV. There is definitely way too much violence on television. For example on cable networks such as HBO or Showtime, there are shows that are built around violence. Shows such as OZ. This show is about prisoners who fight and kill for the sake of fighting and killing. These kinds of shows cause teens to be violent. Teens see only one way of dealing with their problems and instead dealing with obstacles peacefully, they use their fists, knives, or even guns. Another result of violence on TV is the formation of gangs. Teenage gangs exist throughout the state of New York, including the peaceful town of Port Washington, where I live. So now people will realize that violent teens is due to the violenceon TV.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A third problem with TV is the dialogue. Adolescents today make more grammar mistakes then ever before. The grammar problems are a result of watching TV shows that use too many slang words and phrases instead of real English.

First Communion Toast Essay

Ladies and Gentlemen, It is a real pleasure to have you all here to share and celebrate in this very important occasion of her life, the FHC of our darling Anishka D’ Souza. I feel privileged to be the uncle of such a lively and smart child Anishka. Anishka has waited a long time for this day. Today is one day Anishka will cherish and remember for the rest of her life. It is a day when we all celebrate Anishka’s commitment to our Catholic Faith in the presence of those who care most about her. So let us congratulate Anishka on this very special day, when she has received our Lord for the first time in communion and let us wish her all happiness in her Catholic life from this day forward. Ladies and gentlemen, please rise and raise your glasses to join us in toasting to Anishka. Dear Anishka, from the bottom of the hearts of all who are present here and those who could not make it and those who are not here to make it, especially your late abba Oswald, Aunty Rosemarie, Uncle Arun who are joining this graceful occasion and sending their blessings upon you from heaven: For Your First Holy Communion, dear Anishka May God grant you always, A sunbeam to warm you A moonbeam to charm you A sheltering angel so nothing can harm you Laughter to cheer you Faithful friends to surround you loving parents to protect you And when you pray, Heavens listen to you. We love you, Anishka! God bless you mightily. A whole new world unfolds before you from this day on. Let the faith in your heart, always be your guide. Congratulations on the most sacred of new beginnings

House-guest

To be a house-guest there are many responsibilities such as schedule which, a perfect house-guest would call ahead that they are coming and commit to the time they are arriving and leaving. Guests should know how long to stay at someone else's place and not stay too long to make the person who owns the house annoyed of them. Another responsibility Is that a guest should come with gifts to show appreciation. The gift does not have to be something expensive, just to show that you aspect them that they are letting you stay at their house.Guests should respect the host and not tell them that something of their house or taste sucks. Guests should make the host feel good by telling them how beautiful their house is. Meals is another responsibility house-guests should know that they should not always depend on the host to make them food all the times. Guests should at least offer for help to make the meals or even make meal themselves to show their generosity.Privacy is a gig responsibility because the host could be still working and the guest would be on holiday that they are staying at the hosts home. The guest should respect the fact that the host Is not on a holiday and do things them self or even help the host out by having food ready for them before they come back home. Appreciation Is Important for a house-guest because that would show the host they liked being there and that they actually took the time to appreciate the stay this way the host would even invite the guests back.

Of Mice and Men – How Does the Writer Show the Frustration and Tension of the Men’s Lives in This Section?

How does the writer show the frustration and tension of the men's lives in this section? (Page 57 – 63) In this section the men are constantly in frustration which creates a tense atmosphere because of the fear of becoming â€Å"sacked† by Curly’s old man, although the only place that enables the men on the ranch to repose whilst still working on the ranch is by going to â€Å"Susy’s place†. The brothel is strongly depended on by the men because it gives the men happiness; their attachment with the brothel is displayed by announcing what the brothel consists of.George is dependant on the brothel because all he wants is a place where â€Å"A guy can go in an’ get drunk and get ever’thing outta his system all at once,† now narrowing this quote down to just, â€Å"and get ever’thing outta his system all at once†, we are shown that all George wants is to be away from is the ranch and going to the brothel allows him to simply forget all his problems for the duration of one night.The fact that George is desperately willing to escape life on the ranch shows an idea of frustration because George is aware that he’s going to be on there for a long period of time, but in the same situation, he is in desperation to leave work to become his own boss. The determination becomes frustration due to the possibility that George’s dream is becoming further and further away from his grasp.Although in this section, the tension is mostly created by Curley; when Curley enters the ranch the majority of the men change their behaviour to an awkward characteristic, because the main focus is on Curley and his wife, and the men know that Curley’s wife can cause trouble due to her flirtatious inner nature. Curley enters the ranch in search of his wife which gets the men get frustrated because when Curley is present he always insists on starting a fight with someone which leads to Curley trying to build up the tension between the men. Curley bust into the room† shows the anxiety that Curley has towards the men and his wife being around everywhere he also â€Å"looked threateningly about the room† in attempt to cause a fight with one of the men. The men also claim â€Å"Curley’s just spoiling it† by trying to threaten all the men he is causing hatred within the rest of the ranch workers to go against him.

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The Importance of Communicating a Vision to the followers.

The Importance of Communicating a Vision to the followers. A vision can be loosely defined as the detailed mental image of things to come. Possessing a vision is paramount for any organization since it gives a sense of purpose and meaning to the organization members.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Importance of Communicating a Vision to the followers. specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As such, it is imperative that in any setting there be a leader who comes up with a future plan and then steer his followers towards its achievement. This paper sets out to emphasize the importance of not only having a vision but also effectively communicating the same to the followers for the good of the organization. Visions are often formulated by an individual or a group of people towards a specific purpose. As such, the visions may be highly personalized and may not necessarily conform to the desires of the majority. As a leader, it is important to communicate such visions to the follo wers and convince them as to the need to embark on the proposals since it is the followers who will determine the success of the vision (Gill, 2006). This will act as a source of motivation and morale in their day to day activities. Communication of a vision is a key step in establishing the character of the leader to the followers. The traits a leader posses determines the level of cooperation they receive from their followers Communicating a vision to the followers gives them a glimpse of what to expect from you as a leader and they judge you by the principles that govern your actions (Cartwright Baldwin, 2007). Personal character traits such as self confidence, honesty and trust can only be seen through their actions and ability to communicate with others.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to Palmer (2008) sharing a vision of the future reassures the fo llowers of better days ahead. In addition to this, it provides meaning and a sense of belong to the followers and other stakeholders as they deem themselves as part of something greater. A shared vision inspires and motivates them to aim higher and employ extra effort so as to actualize the vision and make a significant difference in their own capacities. This in turn acts as a unifying factor and creates a sense of community between them. In addition to this, communication of visions provides the followers with a theme of change or transformation. This is important especially in cases where a seamless transition is desirable. At the same time, the visions also help followers to understand what is expected of them and this helps them make reform and become more innovative. Sharing the visions also assist in developing and shaping the culture of the organization. This is because a shared vision if embraced by all develops a life of its own and becomes part of the organization. This i mproves interactivity between members and they develop common values and beliefs as they all set target towards a common goal. Gill (2006), further asserts that sharing of a vision with the followers equips them with referenced framework on how to actualize the same. For a vision to become reality there needs to be rules and regulations which act as guidelines to all members. Communicating these to the followers smoothen the implementation process making it easier to achieve the set goals and objectives because every member receives clear directives on how to go about actualizing a particular vision. This paper set out to highlight the reasons as to why it is important to communicate visions to the followers. From the above discussion, it can be authoritatively asserted that communication of a vision to the followers may mark the difference between a successful and a failed vision.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Importance of Communicating a Vision to the followers. specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Therefore for any organization’s visions to become a reality, it is imperative that these points be taken into consideration for the benefit of both the leader and the followers in their quest for achieving organizational goals and objectives. References Cartwright, T. Baldwin, D. (2007). Communicating Your Vision. Center for Creative Leadership. Gill,R.(2006). Theory and practice of leadership. USA: Sage. Palmer,E,R.(2008). Ultimate leadership: winning execution strategies for your situation. USA:Wharton School Publishing.

Can Domestic Violence Be A Learnt Behaviour Social Work Essay Essays

Can Domestic Violence Be A Learnt Behaviour Social Work Essay Essays Can Domestic Violence Be A Learnt Behaviour Social Work Essay Essay Can Domestic Violence Be A Learnt Behaviour Social Work Essay Essay In this chapter the research worker will be researching if Domestic force is a learnt behavior. There are many different theories as to why work forces are more violent than adult females. These theories include biological theories, which focus on hormonal forms and aggression ; psychological theories, which focus on personality types and upsets ; depth psychology, which looks at projection and supplanting and sociological theories, which focus on constructs grounded in interpersonal, corporate, institutional, structural or social procedures ( Hearn 1998: 17 ) .A A A A Biological account suggests that adult females are intelligibly less violent than work forces. Maccoby and Jacklin ( 1975 ) explicate how adult females show choler and their relationship towards work forces are different to work forces, which indicate that jobs are resolved without any force behaviour.A Biological theories explain how force is occurred between male and female, this can be due to their chromosomes, endocrines, genetic sciences and territoriality. Following the consideration of biological account, into the research worker pathological theory. This theory explains the maltreater is enduring from a pathological status ; this status can be related on psychiatric unwellness or issues from pique of one or both spouses. ( Hague Malos, 1993 ; Johnson 1995 ) This theory was accepted in the 1970 s when force became really popular in households and caused many jobs and issues. The United States carried out a survey and focused on abused households they found that female parents were discrete of their force from their kids. Gayford ( 1978 ) cited in Johnson in 1995 researched that adult females that have been physically abused have a grade of incompetency. The individual responsible for being an maltreater are said to be weak, pathological covetous work forces that are missing in low ego regard and are sing anxiousness particularly about their manfulness. Hague Malos ( 1993 ) argue that these issues are still current in psychopathology and psychological science ; these issues have risen from the person and non hold been able to suc cess through in their relationship ( Hague Malos 1993 ) . Finally the research worker explored societal acquisition theory. Johnson 1995 analysed a theory called Social acquisition theory, this theory explains work forces being an maltreater towards adult females as a erudite behavior. OLeary ( 1989 ) states that force is taught force, household members use this function if the household is stressed, has an aggressive personality manner. The cardinal characteristics that trigger force are soldierly problem, intoxicant maltreatment, when these factor emerge force is likely to take topographic point. Marsden ( 1997 ) besides looked into this theory and argued OLeary statement he suggested the work forces who are violent in the maturity were frequently abused whilst being kids. The kids became psychologically disturbed and observed the male parents behaviour that repeatedly battered them. Marsden ( 1997 ) besides studied that if immature misss that were besides physically abused in their childhood may besides believe it is norm behaviors and may happen themselves in vulnerable place with their spouses. Another alternate theory besides suggests that force can be learned through life, by neighbors, packs or certain professions for illustration constabulary force and the ground forces this can be reflected as the sub- civilization theoretical account ( Hague and Malos, 1993 ) In a cross civilization survey of household force Hague ( 1997 ) found that some civilizations had some household values and beliefs that highlight aggression and force. In some household background married woman whipping and kids whipping is considered to be allowed in certain groups. Abusers frequently find themselves a portion of a rhythm, copying behavior from their ain male parents that had abused their female parents in their Muslim environment. As a consequence kids learn this opprobrious behavior and get down to mistreat their ain married womans, believing and accepting this behavior as normal. This is found to be an of import purpose because the longer the Muslim community allows maltreatment ; the longer it will be observed and rein act from male parent to boy, from coevals to coevals this will go on in a uninterrupted rhythm ( Hague Malos 2003 ) Anand ( 2003 ) research and recognized that chiefly adult females experienced domestic force in their ain places, and it is due to work forces being responsible for this behavior. It has been shown an increasing acknowledgment that life, turning and detecting in an environment of force can take to effects on kids in their development, either to cover with direct maltreatment, observed force to their female parents or have had a alteration in the ambiance and environment of their place. While there is no consistent reaction to populating with domestic force, Friedberg ( 2000 ) high spots those kids who have lived in the background of domestic force may hold mild mental wellness issues, compared to kids from a non-violent place. The Department of Health model working Together to Safeguard Children papers ( 1999 ) provinces, prolonged and/or regular exposure to domestic force can hold a serious impact on a kid s development and emotional wellbeing ( subdivision 2.21 ) . Domestic force has showed an influence on a wider prospective for kids of behavioral, physical and psychological graduated table line that could impact immature kids that have experienced this affair may ensue domestic force on a short period of clip or a longer term. Humphreys ( 2004 ) stated that different kids react to different state of affairss in a different manner. Children s behavior responds to life experience of domestic force are hard and will change harmonizing to a mass of factors that may act upon the degree of impact on their physical and mental wellbeing. These factors include: age, gender, race, disablement, gender, relationship with chief carer and siblings and single kids holding a get bying mechanism and endurance schemes. Humphreys ( 2004 ) further lineations that immature kids between the ages of 3-5years old are more likely to hold or demo physical symptoms of the anxiousness and hurt, these kids may show these frights by different behavior and emotionally. When kids start to go in their adolescent phase they may seek to disregard the memories of past behavior by turning to drugs for comfort, early matrimony or gestation, running off, or pull attending by going a felon. Boys and misss are shown to cover with experiences in different ways. A gender function can be stereotyped and may act upon kids to cover otherwise. Harmonizing to Lupton and Gillespie ( 1994 ) and Hester et Al ( 2000 ) Muslim kids that are born with a disablement may act upon the impact of domestic force, a adult female who is pregnant and facing domestic force may lend the relation to the disablement. Marsden ( 1978 ) researched and linked those kids that were traumatised and witnessed domestic force in the place kids with show marks of station traumatic emphasis upset ( PTSD ) , a type of go oning anxiousness upset following experience of a traumatic event. It is thought that a deficiency of incorporation from an early of unafraid fond regard relationship can take to long term cognitive, emotional and societal troubles during subsequently childhood and grownup life ( Marsden 1978 ) . Harmonizing to Mernessi ( 1991 ) , many kids who have experienced abuse and/or disregard express insecure fond regard forms. Domestic force may impact the parents to keep a consistent relationship with their kids and this will take to farther behavior form ( Mernessi 1991 ) . Friedberg ( 2000 ) does a farther survey and finds that immature kids confronting twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours life with domestic force are less likely to hold close physical contact with their parents and such parent s are incognizant of their behaviors and get down to demo negative signals. Domestic force is besides linked with high degrees of kid disregard and unfavorable judgment. The type of relationship a female parent gives a kid may hold an affected by extra factors in the state of affairs of domestic force such as physical hurt, depression, drug and intoxicant usage and separation due to fuss go forthing or child running off. Violence and opprobrious male parent figures have been seen to be more hurt, less physically attached, and use more negative control techniques such as physical penalty and verbal maltreatment, when holding the duty to being a the primary carer function ( Friedberg 2000 ) . When a adult female is being abused non merely is her rearing ability and her relationships with her kids likely to be affected ; there is besides a higher possibility that kids may be abused. Clark ( 2000 ) researched that domestic force and kid maltreatment occur together in 45-70 % of instances ; as a consequence domestic force is now alleged to be a critical index of hazard of injury to kids, with the male of course besides the kid s maltreater. In some conditions adult females have used force themselves but this is normally to forestall harsher action from their spouse ( Presscott Letko 1997 ) . Research carried out ( Shostack 2001 ) states that kids who are abused physically and/or sexually and detect domestic force are twice every bit much abused and show immense sum of hurt. ( Shostack 2001 ) states that kids that witness force to their female parents can hold a more of an impact to their life style instead than their ain maltreatment holding an impact to their behavior. Not all theories can supply equal replies, but when several theories are combined to supply a multi account, it presents a clearer image of why Muslim work forces are more violent than adult females. These factors can include force in Muslim community, household relationship, cultural norms and values, turning up in a Muslim society, the personality of the person who miss-use substances, these factors may all unify to an account where violent behavior is much more likely to go on ( Ainsworth 2000 ) . A

Everything You Need to Know About Writing Awesome Email Subject Lines

Everything You Need to Know About Writing Awesome Email Subject Lines First impressions matter. This is certainly true for email subject lines. Theyre the first thing recipients see in their inbox.  When written well, they inspire readers to open your email  newsletters and click through to read more. If theyre off target, however, they  let your reader know your email is a waste of time and space. No pressure, though. To make matters worse, we all get too many emails. Whether theyre from a store you dont remember visiting,  or your parents are wondering why you dont write more often (you should really drop them a line), the pursuit of inbox zero is a fabled achievement for knowledge workers (including marketers). So, how do you write subject lines that make your emails stand out? Thats exactly what well cover in this post. Youll learn: The emotional elements of subject lines that drive clicks. Best practices on how to write subject lines. The best way to run A/B tests so you can gather your own data about what works best for you. Make yourself comfortable.  Were going to  write sharp subject lines that demand the attention your email deserves. This Is How To Write Better Email Subject Lines To Get More OpensSnag Your Email Subject Line Template + Resource Bundle This post is packed full of advice. To make it easier to implement while youre on the job, weve rounded up these free templates: Email Subject Lines Template: 43 fill-in-the-blank templates to practice sharpening your subject line writing skills. 500+ Power Words Cheat Sheet: We made this with headlines in mind, but the same words work to infuse emotion into subject lines, too. Power + Emotion Words Cheat Sheet: Another reference sheet loaded with emotional words to drive more engagement. Email Subject Line A/B Test Spreadsheet: A simple Excel file for storing the outcomes of your email subject line A/B tests. ... And Try Our New Email Subject Line Tester You get one chance to write the perfect subject line for your email. Of course, there's no way to be sure how it'll perform until you hit "send." But, wouldn't be great if you could tilt the odds in your favor? That's where our Email Subject Line Tester comes in. Like our popular Headline Analyzer, it's a free and simple tool for testing email subject lines. Enter your subject line: And get your score: Plus, you'll get a detailed breakdown on how to improve your results: Give it a spin now and start optimizing every subject line you write (before sending it to your list). Why Are Subject Lines Important? Like we stated previously, your subject line is the first thing recipients see. In that crucial make-or-break moment when users find your email in their inbox, it's what determines whether they'll click through, or simply ignore your message. Worse, they might even put your newsletter in the trash without even opening it up. Let's start by asking exactly why paying attention to subject lines is important.  Here are some interesting  stats: Source: convinceandconvert.com/convince-convert/15-email-statistics-that-are-shaping-the-future/ When it comes to subject lines, these numbers tell us a few things: Subject lines shouldn't sound overly sales-driven. No one wants to start their day with a blunt sales pitch. Stay out of SPAM folders by sounding natural. Avoid spammy-sounding subject lines. People will learn to avoid your emails, even if you make it into their inbox. Subject lines have a considerable influence on click-through rates. Sure, 35% isn't an astronomical number. However, it's high enough to show subject lines carry weight. Ignore them at your own peril. Writing #email #subject #lines? Commit these three stats to memory.Can You Show Me Some Examples of Great Email Subject Lines? Now, you're probably wondering what good email subject lines look and sound like. There are a ton of great examples and resources out there, and we've rounded up some of the best below: 101 Best Email Subject Lines of 2017 (Digital Marketer) 164 Best Email Subject Lines to Boost Your Email Open Rates (OptinMonster) 13 Insanely Clickable Email Subject Line Examples (Sumo) 40 Great Email Subject Lines (ThriveHive) That should be plenty to point you in the right direction. Three Mechanics of Strong Subject Lines So, you've seen some examples of good subject lines. But, what actually makes them, well, good? Let's break down some mechanics. Write Short Subject Lines For Mobile Devices According to MailChimp, there is little correlation between subject line length and clicks. However, keeping them short may help their appearance on mobile devices. Communicate a Clear Benefit No one will open your marketing email if there is no benefit to the reader. So, make it clear that your recipient will gain something from opening it. In most cases, the benefit of your email will be clear.   Here are some examples: Move snow faster with this plow (benefit: clearing your driveway quicker). Cut grass like a champ (benefit: make lawn mowing easier). Improve your living room for 40% less (benefit: upgrade your furniture, saving money). These are basic examples, but they give you the picture. Use Words That Positively Impact Open Rates The best subject lines use terms shown to drive action. Here's a quick look at 100+ words you should consider: How Do Emotional Appeals Impact Email Open Rates? Subject lines are a lot like headlines. The more emotional, the better. People want to know how their life will be better, easier, or more enjoyable because they read your email. Those kinds of benefits aren't necessarily easy to convey. However, they're essential for optimal open rates. So, how can you pull those emotional levers to get more opens? Start by understanding which emotions you want to invoke, and learn the language necessary to drive that action. Recommended Reading: How to Write Emotional Headlines That Get More Shares Which Emotions Can Email Marketers Tap Into? So, we've established the need to give your emails some feeling. But, which emotions or sensations should marketers focus on eliciting? Let's focus on the following four: Urgency. Why should I act fast (and what will happen if I don't)? Curiosity. How can you  include enough detail to get readers interested, but leave enough mystery that they have to click through? Excitement. Can your subject line hype up your email content (and can your newsletter can back it up)? Joy. What can your subject line do to promote a positive emotional result for your reader? How to Write Subject Lines That Inspire Urgency Let's take a look at some easy subject line formulas and templates you can use to get readers moving. Give Your Reader a Deadline to Act Deadlines and "limited time" messaging can inspire immediate action. Example: Successful marketers will open this ... before time runs out. Tap into FOMO (The Fear of Missing Out) The "fear of missing out" is real, and no one wants to miss out on something good. Example: Limited spots available! Claim yours now. Imply Negative Outcomes Due to Lack of Action What happens if the recipient doesn't take advantage of what's in your email? Example: Don't let your lawn suffer under the summer sun. How to Write Subject Lines That Inspire Curiosity Everyone enjoys a little bit of mystery from time to time, right? Here's how to infuse some suspense into your emails to get more opens. Try the Cliffhanger Approach Leave out enough detail to stoke interest without telling the whole story. Example: Bob's  lawn got greener than ever using ... Start With the End Offer readers a conclusion that leaves them wondering how the story starts. Example: How did Bob's lawn get so green? Use an Open-Ended Question One that can only be answered by opening your email. Example:  What's new at Bob's Lawn Care Emporium? How to Write Subject Lines That Inspire Excitement Get readers excited to open their email (or, well, as excited as you can get while reading email). Here's how to infuse some hype into your subject lines. Incorporate Strong Action Verbs Use language that encourages people to get up and do something. Example: Blast your abs for less at Dave's Gym Give Your Reader a Sense of Exclusivity Email subscribers love feeling like they have the inside track on exclusive deals and information. Example:  Can you keep a secret? Here's some cool news coming soon ... Make an Offer People Can't Refuse Use an accurate but hard-to-believe statistic or incredible offer to generate excitement. Example: Did you know 73% of clients see improvement using this tactic?   How to Write Subject Lines That Inspire Joy You know the saying, "People won't remember what you say, but they'll remember how you made them feel?" That absolutely applies to marketing, your brand, and your email subject lines. Make people feel good and reap the rewards. Use Emojis Intelligently A well-placed emoji can be great for getting a chuckle. Example: Look your best and feel your best :) (this isn't the best example, but pretend that smiley face is a much cooler-looking emoji) Work In Humor (Carefully) Laughter is good for your health. Put people in a good mood, and they'll react more positively to your content. Example: So three marketers walk into a bar ... Give People an Opportunity to Do Good Because it feels good to do good. Example: Make a difference with us for our local animal shelter Apply Your Knowledge: Write Better Subject Lines in Six Steps It's time to take what you've learned  and put it into action. Follow these steps to start writing. Identify the Topic and Purpose of Your Email What is your email newsletter about? Here are some common possibilities: Promoting a sale. Sharing your most recent content. Announcing a new product launch. Offering helpful how-to tips. Getting event registrants. If your email is part of a broader campaign, make sure your messaging is consistent, too. Know Your Audience If you're doing marketing correctly, you should know who your audience is. But, your audience may be comprised of several different market segments. So, make sure you know exactly who you're targeting. Then, craft messaging that will appeal to them. Identify Your Benefit or Value Proposition Why would someone open this email? Think about what's in it for your reader, as much as what's in it for your brand. Some examples could include: Saving money. Completing a task more easily. Doing something charitable. Narrow it down to one core benefit. Pick Your Emotional Appeal Remember Urgency, Curiosity, Excitement, and Joy? Choose one to focus on. Or, consider writing several options targeting different emotional appeals. Whichever you choose, have clear intent behind your words. Match the Message in Your Email Copy Message-match means making sure your subject line aligns with your email's content. Typically, it's a term reserved for digital advertising, ensuring ad copy aligns with a landing page. But, we can apply the same principle here. For example, if you're promoting a sale, make sure your subject line and body copy are consistent with one another. If you're promoting a piece of content, make sure your subject line's message matches what they'll find on the destination page. Write Several Options With the Email Subject Line Tester It's a good idea to try tons of different options before settling on one subject line. If you're writing for a client, you might even give them five or six to choose from. As you write different options, the tester will keep track of your scores: Plus, the tool will help you learn what works (and what doesn't). It's an easy way to Ten Templates to Write Your Own Email Subject Lines As an exercise, try filling in these templates. Then, use the Email Subject Line Tester to see how your efforts perform. The best [AUDIENCE] are using this [TACTIC] to [BENEFIT] Do [ACTION] [PERCENT] better Save [PERCENT] on [PRODUCT] before [NEGATIVE CONSEQUENCE] [NUMBER] Ways to [BENEFIT] Using [PRODUCT] Achieve [GOAL] [PERCENT] Faster With [PRODUCT] Help [ORGANIZATION] do [BENEFIT] before [DEADLINE] The smartest [AUDIENCE] will be at [EVENT] ... Register for [EVENT] by [DEADLINE] and save [PERCENT] Here's how [INFLUENCER] does [ACTION] with [PRODUCT] [NUMBER] secrets the best [AUDIENCE] use to [BENEFIT] These writing prompts are simple, but should help get your creative gears turning. Get More Opens By A/B Testing Email Subject Lines Nearly every email service provider lets you send A/B tests for your email subject lines. Whether you use MailChimp,  Campaign Monitor, or something similar, most provide A/B testing options when building email newsletters. This video is specific to MailChimp, but it covers a lot  of A/B testing basics that should apply to most platforms: However, what  makes a good A/B test? Let's dig into some tips. 5 Effective Tactics for Email  A/B Testing The key to a good A/B test is to choose variables that really are different from one another.  If you test two subject lines that sound too similar, you won't learn much. There needs to be a substantial difference between your two options. Consider these five different approaches when you run your next A/B test: 1. Test Two Different Value Propositions Let's say your email content is promoting a post that both: Shows readers how to save time. Shows them how to save money. These are two different value propositions. So, write two options, one focusing on each benefit. Then, see which performs best. The data will tell you which benefit your audience cares about most. That'll help you continue to write more effective subject lines in the future. The key to a good A/B test is to have options that are different from one another.2. Target  Two Different Emotions Your audience might respond better to curiosity than urgency. Or, maybe they're looking for something that will brighten their day. So, find out. Try  targeting different emotions and see what drives a better response. 3. Test Subject Line Length You might find different subject line lengths work best for you. Or, different lengths may work better for different types of messages. Consider experimenting with short  (one or two words)  versus long (seven or eight words). 4. Test Questions Versus Definitive Statements Questions can help get readers curious. However, definitive statements can express authority. Try both and see what happens. 5. Test Using Stats Statistics can drive email opens, especially when they're difficult to believe. If your email content includes an interesting stat, try incorporating one into subject line A. Then, write subject line B without a stat. Recommended Reading: What 10 Studies Say About the Best Time to Send Email Now, An Exercise In A/B Testing Now, let's try applying what you've learned to an actual A/B test. Write Your Email Content Start by writing your email copy. This will make it easier to write your subject lines. Identify Which Two Variables You'll Test Write two different subject line options. Try to emphasize something different in each one. For example, you could target two different emotions, in order to sell people on reading the same newsletter. Or, you could include an emoji or statistic in one, but not the other. Whichever you choose, the point is to know exactly what you're testing. See Which Does Best Once your email has sent, you'll see relatively quickly which outperformed the other. Use the Email A/B Subject Line Testing template we included in this post to track performance over time: Here are some specific things to monitor: Winning and Losing Subject Lines: Which options perform best? Do certain types appear to fail more frequently than others? Open Rates: How many people opened each email? CTR (Click-Through Rate): How many people click through on each subject line? You'll need to set up and measure A/B tests in your email marketing platform provider. Here's how, using several popular email marketing tools: MailChimp Campaign Monitor HubSpot Pardot Constant Contact Emma Measure Your Results Use the analytics tools built into your email platform to monitor open rates. Use the template included in this post, or create your own following the graphic below. Use it to  track your winner and loser from the test, the difference in the results, and scrutinize the reason why your winner performed the best. This may require some subjective judgment. When  assessing the reason one subject line outperformed the other, keep the following in mind: If you set up clear variables in your A/B test, the reason subject lines succeed or fail should be obvious. For example, if one option includes a statistic, while the other does not, then that's a good indicator that stats resonate with your audience. Look for  patterns. The more you test, the more consistent patterns should  emerge. The days and times you send email can impact results as well. Remember that the actual content of your email may influence open rates (and in turn, your email conversion rates, too. If people aren't interested in the topic of your email, then simply following best practices might not be enough to drive opens and clicks. Great content will get attention. Following proper mechanics and technique merely maximizes great content's ability to make an impact. When it comes to email marketing, your own data beats best practices. The recipients on your email list are  different from anyone else's. What works for another business, might not work for yours. This is why it's better to know how to gather your own data than to simply follow someone else's. Don't use other's data as your guide. Use it to inspire you to get your own data.Now, Go Write Better Subject Lines! It's easy to overlook subject lines when we're writing marketing emails. They're short, so they should be easy, right? Not exactly. It's often tougher to write short, punchy messages than long, rambling pieces. When you only have about 50 characters to work with, every word counts. We can't tell you exactly what messaging will work best in your email.  However, you're now equipped with the knowledge you need to start experimenting with your own subject lines. By following the tips and best practices in this post, you'll be able to dramatically increase your odds of success. Try different things. See what works. Ditch what doesn't. Repeat for success.